Induced Spatial Geometry from Causal Structure

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new family of spatial distance functions derived from causal structure and volume elements, applicable to both continuum spacetimes and causal sets, with validation through numerical simulations.

Contribution

It defines a mesoscale-dependent spatial distance function from causal structure and volume, generalizing to causal sets and validated by simulations.

Findings

Distance function approximates continuum when mesoscale is well-chosen

Function converges to continuum distance in causal sets

Numerical simulations confirm theoretical expectations

Abstract

Motivated by the Hawking-King-McCarthy-Malament (HKMM) theorem and the associated reconstruction of spacetime geometry from its causal structure $(M,\prec)$ and local volume element $\epsilon$, we define a one-parameter family of spatial distance functions on a Cauchy hypersurface $\Sigma$ using only $(M,\prec)$ and $\epsilon$. The parameter corresponds to a "mesoscale" cut-off which, when appropriately chosen, provides a distance function which approximates the induced spatial distance function to leading order. This admits a straightforward generalisation to the discrete analogue of a Cauchy hypersurface in a causal set. For causal sets which are approximated by continuum spacetimes, this distance function approaches the continuum induced distance when the mesoscale is much smaller than the scale of the extrinsic curvature of the hypersurface, but much larger than the discreteness scale. We verify these expectations by performing extensive numerical simulations of causal sets which are approximated by simple spacetime regions in 2 and 3 spacetime dimensions.