Starburst galaxies in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and evolution

TL;DR

This study analyzes the star formation main sequence and starburst galaxies in three semi-analytic models, revealing that mergers are not the primary trigger for starbursts, which can also result from cold gas availability and other factors.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of semi-analytic models showing that starbursts are not predominantly caused by mergers, challenging some observational assumptions.

Findings

Starbursts are rarely caused by mergers in models.

Galaxies with recent mergers are not always starbursts.

Cold gas availability influences starburst activity.

Abstract

We study the shape and evolution of the star formation main sequence in three independently developed semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. We focus, in particular, on the characterization of the model galaxies that are significantly above the main sequence, and that can be identified with galaxies classified as `starburst' in recent observational work. We find that, in all three models considered, star formation triggered by merger events (both minor and major) contribute to only a very small fraction of the cosmic density of star formation. While mergers are associated to bursts of star formation in all models, galaxies that experienced recent merger events are not necessarily significantly above the main sequence. On the other hand, `starburst galaxies' are not necessarily associated with merger episodes, especially at the low-mass end. Galaxies that experienced recent mergers can have relatively low levels of star formation when/if the merger is gas-poor, and galaxies with no recent merger can experience episodes of starbursts due to a combination of large amount of cold gas available from cooling/accretion events and/or small disk radii which increases the cold gas surface density.