Structural subnetwork evolution across the life-span: rich-club, feeder, seeder

TL;DR

This study systematically analyzes the evolution of brain subnetworks, including rich-club, feeder, and seeder, across the human lifespan, revealing distinct developmental patterns and structural changes in brain connectivity.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive subnetwork analysis approach to understand brain connectome alterations during development and aging, focusing on rich-club, feeder, and seeder subnetworks.

Findings

Rich-club membership changes with age.

Shift from peripheral seeder to feeder subnetworks.

Increased transitivity and betweenness in rich-club.

Abstract

The impact of developmental and aging processes on brain connectivity and the connectome has been widely studied. Network theoretical measures and certain topological principles are computed from the entire brain, however there is a need to separate and understand the underlying subnetworks which contribute towards these observed holistic connectomic alterations. One organizational principle is the rich-club - a core subnetwork of brain regions that are strongly connected, forming a high-cost, high-capacity backbone that is critical for effective communication in the network. Investigations primarily focus on its alterations with disease and age. Here, we present a systematic analysis of not only the rich-club, but also other subnetworks derived from this backbone - namely feeder and seeder subnetworks. Our analysis is applied to structural connectomes in a normal cohort from a large, publicly available lifespan study. We demonstrate changes in rich-club membership with age alongside a shift in importance from 'peripheral' seeder to feeder subnetworks. Our results show a refinement within the rich-club structure (increase in transitivity and betweenness centrality), as well as increased efficiency in the feeder subnetwork and decreased measures of network integration and segregation in the seeder subnetwork. These results demonstrate the different developmental patterns when analyzing the connectome stratified according to its rich-club and the potential of utilizing this subnetwork analysis to reveal the evolution of brain architectural alterations across the life-span.