Partial and full hyper-viscosity for Navier-Stokes and primitive equations

TL;DR

This paper investigates the effects of partial and full hyper-viscosity on the 3D primitive equations and Navier-Stokes equations, establishing conditions for uniqueness and convergence of solutions with hyper-viscosity.

Contribution

It extends Lions' classical result by proving uniqueness for primitive equations with hyper-viscosity of order 8/5 and demonstrates strong convergence of hyper-viscous solutions as hyper-viscosity vanishes.

Findings

Uniqueness of weak solutions for primitive equations with hyper-viscosity of order 8/5.

Strong convergence of hyper-viscous solutions to weak solutions as hyper-viscosity parameter tends to zero.

Validation of hyper-viscosity as a regularization technique in numerical schemes for fluid dynamics.

Abstract

The $3$-D primitive equations and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with full hyper-viscosity and only horizontal hyper-viscosity are considered on the torus, i.e., the diffusion term $-\Delta$ is replaced by $-\Delta+ \varepsilon(-\Delta)^{l}$ or by $-\Delta + \varepsilon(-\Delta_H)^{l}$, respectively, where $\Delta_H = \partial_x^2+\partial_y^2 $, $\Delta= \Delta_H + \partial_z^2$, $\varepsilon> 0$, $l>1$. Hyper-viscosity is applied in many numerical schemes, and in particular horizontal hyper-viscosity appears in meteorological models. A classical result by Lions states that for the Navier-Stokes equations uniqueness of global weak solutions for initial data in $L^2$ holds if $-\Delta$ is replaced by $(-\Delta)^{5/4}$. Here, for the primitive equations the corresponding result is proven for $(-\Delta)^{8/5}$. For the case of horizontal hyper-viscosity $l=2$ is sufficient in both cases. Strong convergence for $\varepsilon\to 0$ of hyper-viscous solutions to a weak solution of the Navier-Stokes and primitive equations, respectively, is proven as well. The approach presented here is based on the construction of strong solutions via an evolution equation approach for initial data in $L^2$ and weak-strong uniqueness.