Quantum Hamiltonian Identifiability via a Similarity Transformation Approach and Beyond

TL;DR

This paper extends classical similarity transformation methods to quantum Hamiltonian identifiability, providing new tools for efficient quantum system parameter estimation with practical algorithms and simulations.

Contribution

It generalizes the STA method to quantum systems, introduces the SPT method for non-minimal systems, and proposes an indicator for economical Hamiltonian identification algorithms.

Findings

Proved identifiability of spin-1/2 chain systems using STA.

Developed the SPT method for non-minimal systems.

Demonstrated an effective economic Hamiltonian identification algorithm.

Abstract

The identifiability of a system is concerned with whether the unknown parameters in the system can be uniquely determined with all the possible data generated by a certain experimental setting. A test of quantum Hamiltonian identifiability is an important tool to save time and cost when exploring the identification capability of quantum probes and experimentally implementing quantum identification schemes. In this paper, we generalize the identifiability test based on the Similarity Transformation Approach (STA) in classical control theory and extend it to the domain of quantum Hamiltonian identification. We employ STA to prove the identifiability of spin-1/2 chain systems with arbitrary dimension assisted by single-qubit probes. We further extend the traditional STA method by proposing a Structure Preserving Transformation (SPT) method for non-minimal systems. We use the SPT method to introduce an indicator for the existence of economic quantum Hamiltonian identification algorithms, whose computational complexity directly depends on the number of unknown parameters (which could be much smaller than the system dimension). Finally, we give an example of such an economic Hamiltonian identification algorithm and perform simulations to demonstrate its effectiveness.