Bipolar electrocaloric effect in Pb1-xGdx(Mg1+x/3Nb2-x/3)O3 ceramic: relaxor with super-dipolar glass state

TL;DR

This study investigates the electrocaloric effect in Gd-substituted relaxor ceramics, revealing a temperature-dependent transition from positive to negative EC effect linked to super-dipolar glass state formation.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of the bipolar electrocaloric effect in Gd-doped PMN relaxors, highlighting the role of super-dipolar glass dynamics.

Findings

Negative EC coefficient observed near 164 K

Transition from positive to negative EC effect around glass transition

Maximum negative EC coefficient decreases with Gd content

Abstract

The electrocaloric (EC) effect is calculated for Gd-substituted PMN (x = 0 to 0.1) relaxors from temperature dependent heat capacity and polarization measurements, using a thermodynamic Maxwell equation. Polarization change with temperature reveals an anomalous behaviour around the glass transition temperature, which is in the vicinity of a crossover from positive to negative EC effect, which is explained evoking the critical slowing-down of the polar nano-domains dynamics to super-dipolar glass state upon cooling. The maximum negative EC coefficient is observed to decrease from 0.4 K-mm/kV at 164 K to 0.1 K-mm/kV with x.