Existence and Classification of Pseudo-Asymptotic Solutions for Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces pseudo-asymptotic TOV systems, demonstrating their high-dimensional space and the existence of new analytic solutions, some of which are physically realistic with ordinary matter and no singularities.

Contribution

The paper defines pseudo-asymptotic TOV systems, shows their relation to genuine solutions, and classifies new solutions based on matter type and structural features.

Findings

At least fifteen-dimensional space of pseudo-asymptotic TOV systems.

Existence of fourteen new analytic solutions for extended TOV equations.

Identification of three realistic solutions with ordinary matter and no singularities.

Abstract

The Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff (TOV) equations are a partially uncoupled system of nonlinear and non-autonomous ordinary differential equations which describe the structure of isotropic spherically symmetric static fluids. Nonlinearity makes finding explicit solutions of TOV systems very difficult and such solutions and very rare. In this paper we introduce the notion of pseudo-asymptotic TOV systems and we show that the space of such systems is at least fifteen-dimensional. We also show that if the system is defined in a suitable domain (meaning the extended real line), then well-behaved pseudo-asymptotic TOV systems are genuine TOV systems in that domain, ensuring the existence of new fourteen analytic solutions for extended TOV equations. The solutions are classified according to the nature of the matter (ordinary or exotic) and to the existence of cavities and singularities. It is shown that at least three of them are realistic, in the sense that they are formed only by ordinary matter and contain no cavities or singularities.