Tracking down R Coronae Borealis stars using the WISE All-Sky survey

TL;DR

This study develops a method using WISE and 2MASS infrared data to identify R Coronae Borealis stars by their dust shells, significantly increasing the potential number of known RCBs for understanding their evolution.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new selection technique based on infrared color criteria to efficiently find RCB stars in all-sky surveys, improving detection efficiency and expanding the candidate list.

Findings

Detection efficiency of about 85% for RCB candidates.

Selected 2356 targets from 563 million objects in WISE data.

The candidate list surpasses previous efforts, aiding future spectroscopic confirmation.

Abstract

R Coronae Borealis stars (RCBs) are the best candidates to be the products of white dwarf mergers in the intermediate mass range ($0.4<M_{tot}<1.1$ M$_{\odot}$). After a merger, a He envelope surrounds a CO core, and a short-lived supergiant phase starts. RCBs correspond to that phase. They are known to be hydrogen-deficient and carbon-rich supergiant stars. They are rare; They are also highly diverse in chemical abundances, brightness and photosphere temperature. To understand their evolutionary path, constrain their spatial distribution and test their formation rate, we aim to increase significantly the number of known RCBs. To do so, we need first to create a list of targets of interest rich in RCB stars, that will be subsequently followed-up spectroscopically to reveal their true nature. Fortunately, RCBs are producing dust and are therefore surrounded by warm circumstellar dust shells. Using the all-sky 2MASS and WISE infrared surveys, our goal is to discriminate RCBs among other dust-producing stars. A series of selection criteria was applied to colour-colour diagrams and to the brightness of all objects catalogued. The criteria were designed using all 102 known RCB stars. RCB SED models were also used to understand the limits of the criteria and the possible bias in terms of shell temperature selected. The analysis was complicated by the unpredictable photometric declines that RCB stars are known to undergo. With a detection efficiency of about 85\%, our analysis selected only 2356 targets among the 563 million objects catalogued in the WISE All-Sky survey. This short list of targets of interest supersedes a previously published one made from the preliminary WISE data release. This list, published in the CDS Vizier database, will allow us to increase significantly the number of known RCB stars.