Constraining nonlinear corrections to Maxwell electrodynamics using $\gamma\gamma$ scattering

TL;DR

This paper uses ATLAS gamma-gamma scattering data to set stringent bounds on nonlinear corrections to Maxwell's equations, significantly improving previous constraints and providing new predictions for future measurements.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to constrain nonlinear electrodynamics corrections using high-energy collider data, achieving constraints 12 orders of magnitude tighter than previous low-energy experiments.

Findings

Upper bounds on nonlinear parameters are around 10^{-10} GeV.

Constraints improve by 12 orders of magnitude over low-energy experiments.

Predictions for future measurements with upgraded ATLAS detector are provided.

Abstract

The recent light-by-light scattering cross section measurement made by the ATLAS\ Collaboration is used to constrain nonlinear corrections to Maxwell electrodynamics parametrized by the Lagrangian $L=F+4\alpha F^{2}+4\beta G^{2}+4\delta FG$. The ion's radiation is described using the equivalent photon approximation, and the influence of four different nuclear charge distributions is evaluated. Special attention is given to the interference term between the Standard Model and the nonlinear corrections amplitudes. By virtue of the quadratic dependence on $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\delta$, the nonlinear contribution to the Standard Model $\gamma \gamma $ cross section is able to delimit a finite region of the parameter's phase space. The upper values for $\alpha$, $\beta$ in this region are of order $10^{-10}$GeV, a constraint of at least $12$ orders of magnitude more precise when compared to low-energy experiments. An upper value of the same order for $\delta$ is obtained for the first time in the LHC energy regime. We also give our predictions for the Standard Model cross section measured at ATLAS for each distribution and analyze the impact of the absorption factor. We finally give predictions for the future measurements to be done with upgraded tracking acceptance $\left\vert \eta \right\vert <4$ by the ATLAS Collaboration.