Mixing Grains with Different Elongation in a Rotating Drums

TL;DR

This study investigates how grains with different elongations mix in a rotating drum, revealing that shape differences influence mixing efficiency and segregation, with a critical elongation difference determining the mixing outcome.

Contribution

It provides experimental insights into the effects of grain elongation differences on mixing and segregation in rotating drums, an area less explored compared to size-based studies.

Findings

Effective mixing occurs below a critical elongation difference.

Large elongation differences lead to core formation and limited mixing.

Steady states are reached rapidly in the mixing process.

Abstract

Mixing grains with different properties is a remarkably challenging process, relevant to many industrial applications. Rotating drums have been used extensively as model systems to study granular media flow and mixing and segregation. Numerous studies considered the mixing of grains with different sizes, but only few studies considered shape and elongation, which have been already identified as important characteristics affecting packing and inducing segregation. In this contribution, the mixing of binary mixtures of grains having the same volume, but different elongations was studied experimentally. The mixing dynamics of a layered granular medium was characterized in a rotating drum, highlighting the impact of the grain shape, of the drum angular speed and of the drum filling ratio. A mixed or segregated state is reached very rapidly, but experiments are continued to verify that the state reached is a steady state. The experiments demonstrated that below a critical difference of elongation, the grains can be mixed effectively. Conversely, when grain elongations are very different, a central core is formed, rich in the more elongated grains. In this case only limited mixing can be achieved. These results can guide the formulation of mixtures of grains with different elongations.