Thermodynamics in the universe described by the emergence of the space and the energy balance relation

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamic properties of a universe model based on space emergence and energy balance, confirming the validity of thermodynamic laws and energy conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a universe model grounded in space emergence and energy balance, analyzing its thermodynamic consistency and laws.

Findings

First law of thermodynamics is satisfied.

Generalized second law of thermodynamics holds.

Weak energy condition is fulfilled.

Abstract

It has previously been shown that it is more general to describe the evolution of the universe based on the emergence of the space and the energy balance relation. Here we investigate the thermodynamic properties of the universe described by such a model. We show that the first law of thermodynamics and the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) are both satisfied and the weak energy condition are also fulfilled for two typical examples. Finally we examine the physical consistency for the present model.