Larmor Frequency Depends on Structural Anisotropy in Magnetically Heterogeneous Media

TL;DR

This study explores how anisotropic microstructures influence Larmor frequency shifts in heterogeneous magnetic media, validating theory in fast diffusion and revealing microarchitecture effects beyond this regime.

Contribution

It validates existing theory for fast diffusion and uncovers the dependence of frequency offsets on microstructure and diffusivity in transition regimes.

Findings

Simulation confirms theory for fast diffusion.

Frequency offset depends on microarchitecture beyond fast diffusion.

Deviations occur for larger cells or higher susceptibility.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effect of anisotropic magnetic microstructure on the measurable Larmor frequency offset in media with heterogeneous magnetic susceptibility. Specific objectives were (i) validation of recently developed theory for the case of fast diffusion and (ii) investigation of the transition between the regimes of fast and slow diffusion. Methods: Monte Carlo simulations in synthetic media. Results: Simulations demonstrate a perfect agreement with the previously developed theory for fast diffusion. Beyond this regime, the frequency offset shows a pronounced dependence on the medium microarchitecture and the diffusivity of NMR-reporting spins in relation to the magnitude of the susceptibility-induced magnetic field. Conclusion: While the effect of myelin in brain white matter is commonly treated assuming efficient diffusion narrowing, this regime does not hold for larger cells or higher magnetic susceptibility. In such a case, the effect essentially deviates from the prediction based on the assumption of diffusion narrowing.