A model of light dark matter and dark radiation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a strongly-coupled SU(5) dark gauge theory model that produces light dark baryons and axions, explaining dark matter and dark radiation with specific properties and relic abundance.

Contribution

It presents a novel SU(5) dark gauge theory framework supporting light dark baryons and axions, with implications for dark matter properties and cosmological relic abundance.

Findings

Dark baryons can be cold or hot dark matter depending on confinement scale.

Dark baryons of 1 GeV–1 MeV mass can account for dark matter.

The model naturally produces small magnetic moments for dark baryons.

Abstract

We propose a model for dark matter and dark radiation, based on a strongly-coupled dark ${\rm SU}(5)$ gauge theory with fundamental and decuplet dark-quarks. The model supports light dark-baryons, respecting the chiral symmetry, which are electrically neutral but have electromagnetic form factors, and also a light dark-axion. Since the coupling of dark baryons to the standard model particles is inversely proportional to the square of the confinement scale, dark baryons become either hot dark matter or cold dark matter, depending on when the dark color confines. For the confinement scale $\Lambda\sim 10-10^3~{\rm GeV}$ the dark baryons of mass about $ 1~{\rm GeV}-1~{\rm MeV}$ become cold dark matter with naturally small magnetic moment and give the correct relic abundance.