Fractionally quantized Berry phases of magnetization plateaux in spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg multimer chains

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method using fractionally quantized $Z_N$ Berry phases to characterize magnetization plateaux and local spin structures in frustrated spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg multimer chains, revealing multiple phase types and symmetry protections.

Contribution

It demonstrates the appearance of all $N$ types of Berry phases in the phase diagram and links Berry phases to magnetization and degeneracy, extending understanding of topological characterization in multimer systems.

Findings

All $N$ types of Berry phases appear in the phase diagram for $N=2$ and $4$.

Magnetization plateaux with degeneracy have Berry phases related to magnetization and degeneracy.

The $Z_N$ Berry phase is non-zero in the $S=N/2$ Haldane phase for $N=2$ and 4.

Abstract

We study the fractionally quantized $Z_N$ Berry phase, $\gamma_N=0, {2\pi \over N}, {4\pi \over N},\ldots, {2(N-1)\pi \over N}$, to characterize local $N$-mer spin structures at magnetization plateaux in spin-1/2 Heisenberg multimer ($N$-mer) models, i.e., highly frustrated $N$-leg ladder models, which are generalizations of an orthogonal dimer chain and have exact ground states in the strong multimer coupling region. We demonstrate that all $N$ types of Berry phases, which characterize magnetization-plateau phases, appear in a magnetic phase diagram when $N=2$ and $4$. We show that magnetization plateau with magnetization $\langle m\rangle$ and $D$-fold degenerated states has $\gamma_N=\pi (\langle m\rangle-1) D$, except for the Haldane phase with $\gamma_N=0$. In addition, we find that a complementary $Z_N$ Berry phase becomes non-zero in the $S=N/2$ Haldane phase for $N=2$ and 4. Because the exact quantization of the $Z_N$ Berry phases is protected by the translational (or rotational) symmetry along the rung direction, the $Z_N$ Berry phase has the potential to be applied for a wide class of magnetization plateaux in coupled multimer systems.