Dark Monopoles and SL(2,Z) Duality

TL;DR

This paper investigates the effects of kinetic mixing between two Abelian gauge theories with electric and magnetic charges, revealing novel phenomena when one photon becomes massive while preserving SL(2,Z) duality.

Contribution

It introduces a framework maintaining SL(2,Z) duality in mixed Abelian gauge theories with magnetic charges, analyzing the impact of photon mass on charge quantization.

Findings

Failure of Dirac charge quantization in certain regimes

Particles from one sector acquire small couplings to the other photon

Manifest SL(2,Z) duality is preserved in the effective theory

Abstract

We explore kinetic mixing between two Abelian gauge theories that have both electric and magnetic charges. When one of the photons becomes massive, novel effects arise in the low-energy effective theory, including the failure of Dirac charge quantization as particles from one sector obtain parametrically small couplings to the photon of the other. We maintain a manifest SL(2,Z) duality throughout our analysis, which is the diagonal subgroup of the dualities of the two un-mixed gauge theories.