The geometry of the Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen correlations

TL;DR

This paper characterizes the set of quantum states enabling the EPR argument using convex geometry, providing a complete description of steerable states for two spin-1/2 particles and linking to quantum measurement phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a convex geometric framework to fully characterize EPR-steerable states for two spin-1/2 particles, advancing understanding of quantum correlations and steering.

Findings

Complete characterization of EPR-steerable states for two spin-1/2 particles.

Connection between steering, uncertainty relations, and joint measurability.

Applications to quantum information protocols and foundational quantum mechanics.

Abstract

Correlations between distant particles are central to many puzzles and paradoxes of quantum mechanics and, at the same time, underpin various applications like quantum cryptography and metrology. Originally in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) used these correlations to argue against the completeness of quantum mechanics. To formalise their argument, Schr\"odinger subsequently introduced the notion of quantum steering. Still, the question which quantum states can be used for the EPR argument and which not remained open. Here we show that quantum steering can be viewed as an inclusion problem in convex geometry. For the case of two spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles, this approach completely characterises the set of states leading to the EPR argument and consequently to a full description of the quantum correlations that can be used for steering. Our results find applications in various protocols in quantum information processing, and moreover they are linked to quantum mechanical phenomena such as uncertainty relations and the question which observables in quantum mechanics are jointly measurable.