Small-$x$ Helicity Evolution: an Operator Treatment

TL;DR

This paper rederives small-$x$ helicity evolution equations using an operator approach with polarized Wilson lines, providing explicit operator expressions and a method applicable to various TMD PDFs.

Contribution

It introduces a purely operator-based derivation of small-$x$ helicity evolution equations, including explicit polarized Wilson line operators, extending previous mixed-method approaches.

Findings

Derived explicit polarized Wilson line operators with quark and gluon insertions.

Reproduced earlier evolution equations using a new operator framework.

Presented a versatile method for small-$x$ asymptotics of TMD PDFs.

Abstract

We rederive the small-$x$ evolution equations governing quark helicity distribution in a proton using solely an operator-based approach. In our previous works on the subject, the evolution equations were derived using a mix of diagrammatic and operator-based methods. In this work, we re-derive the double-logarithmic small-$x$ evolution equations for quark helicity in terms of the "polarized Wilson lines", the operators consisting of light-cone Wilson lines with one or two non-eikonal local operator insertions which bring in helicity dependence. For the first time we give explicit and complete expressions for the quark and gluon polarized Wilson line operators, including insertions of both the gluon and quark sub-eikonal operators. We show that the double-logarithmic small-$x$ evolution of the "polarized dipole amplitude" operators, made out of regular light-cone Wilson lines along with the polarized ones constructed here, reproduces the equations derived in our earlier works. The method we present here can be used as a template for determining the small-$x$ asymptotics of any transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) quark (or gluon) parton distribution functions (PDFs), and is not limited to helicity.