De Sitter vs Quintessence in String Theory

TL;DR

This paper compares de Sitter and quintessence models in string theory, analyzing their theoretical viability, recent progress, and challenges in explaining cosmic acceleration within quantum gravity constraints.

Contribution

It critically assesses the progress of de Sitter and quintessence models in string theory, highlighting the relative difficulties and recent advancements for each approach.

Findings

De Sitter models have achieved increased concreteness and calculational control.

Constructing string models of quintessence requires significant fine-tuning.

Some string-inspired models can evade fifth-force constraints despite challenges.

Abstract

De Sitter solutions have been recently conjectured to be incompatible with quantum gravity. In this paper we critically assess the progress and challenges of different mechanisms to obtain de Sitter vacua in string compactifications and compare them to quintessence models. We argue that, despite recent criticisms, de Sitter models reached a level of concreteness and calculational control which has been improving over time. On the other hand, building string models of quintessence appears to be more challenging and requires additional fine-tuning. We discuss the tension between the swampland conjecture and the Higgs potential and find examples which can evade fifth-force bounds even if they seem very hard to realise in string theory. We also comment on the tension with low-redshift data and explore ultra-light axions from string theory as dark energy candidates.