Massive gravity with Lorentz symmetry breaking: black holes as heat engines

TL;DR

This paper investigates black holes in massive gravity as holographic heat engines, deriving an exact efficiency formula and analyzing how parameters like scalar charge and Lorentz symmetry breaking affect efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces a new exact efficiency formula for black hole heat engines in massive gravity with Lorentz symmetry breaking, comparing it to Schwarzschild AdS black holes.

Findings

Efficiency increases with scalar charge Q and parameter λ.

Massive gravity black holes have higher efficiency than Schwarzschild AdS black holes.

Efficiency approaches Carnot limit under certain parameter conditions.

Abstract

In extended phase space, a static black hole in massive gravity is studied as a holographic heat engine. In the massive gravity theory considered, the graviton gain a mass due to Lorentz symmetry breaking. Exact efficiency formula is obtained for a rectangle engine cycle for the black hole considered. The efficiency is computed by varying two parameters in the theory, the scalar charge Q and $\lambda$. The efficiency is compared with the Carnot efficiency for the heat engine. It is observed that when Q and $\lambda$ are increased that the efficiency for the rectangle cycle increases. When compared to the Schwarzschild AdS black hole, the efficiency for the rectangle cycle is larger for the Massive gravity black hole.