Dynamical quantum phase transitions in $U(1)$ quantum link models

TL;DR

This paper investigates dynamical quantum phase transitions in $U(1)$ quantum link models, revealing new phenomena like crystalline confined phases and discussing experimental observation possibilities in quantum simulators.

Contribution

It introduces the study of non-equilibrium quench dynamics in $U(1)$ quantum link models across different dimensions, connecting high-energy physics concepts with quantum simulation experiments.

Findings

Identification of dynamical quantum phase transitions in $U(1)$ models

Observation of crystalline confined phases during dynamics

Feasibility of experimental realization in quantum simulators

Abstract

Quantum link models are extensions of Wilson-type lattice gauge theories which realize exact gauge invariance with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Quantum link models not only reproduce the standard features of Wilson's lattice gauge theories, but also host new phenomena such as crystalline confined phases. We study the non-equilibrium quench dynamics for two representative cases, $U(1)$ quantum link models in (1+1)d and (2+1)d, through the lens of dynamical quantum phase transitions. Finally, we discuss the connection to the high-energy perspective and the experimental feasibility to observe the discussed phenomena in recent quantum simulator settings such as trapped ions, ultra-cold atoms, and Rydberg atoms.