Coprime Sensing via Chinese Remaindering over Quadratic Fields, Part II: Generalizations and Applications

TL;DR

This paper extends coprime array design using Chinese remainder theorem over quadratic fields to 2D remote sensing, proposing generalized array configurations, sensor reduction techniques, and a novel spatial smoothing transformation for improved angle estimation.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized framework for CRT-based coprime arrays over quadratic fields with explicit sensor placement formulas and a new 2D spatial smoothing method for enhanced angle estimation.

Findings

Generalized array configurations with explicit formulas.

Sensor reduction methods maintaining coarray integrity.

Hexagon-to-rectangle transformation enabling compact arrays.

Abstract

The practical application of a new class of coprime arrays based on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) over quadratic fields is presented in this paper. The proposed CRT arrays are constructed by ideal lattices embedded from coprime quadratic integers. The geometrical constructions and theoretical foundations were discussed in the accompanying paper in great detail, while this paper focuses on aspects of the application of the proposed arrays in two-dimensional (2D) remote sensing. A generalization of CRT arrays based on two or more pairwise coprime ideal lattices is proposed with closed-form expressions on sensor locations, the total number of sensors and the achievable DOF. The issues pertaining to the coprimality of any two quadratic integers are also addressed to explore all possible ideal lattices. Exploiting the symmetry of lattices, sensor reduction methods are discussed with the coarray remaining intact for economic maximization. In order to extend conventional angle estimation techniques based on uniformly distributed arrays to the method that can exploit any coarray configurations based on lattices, this paper introduces a hexagon-to-rectangular transformation to 2D spatial smoothing, providing the possibility of finding more compact sensor arrays. Examples are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed methods.