Solar radio emission as a disturbance of aeronautical radionavigation

TL;DR

This study links a strong solar radio burst around 1 GHz to disturbances in aeronautical radar and GPS signals, highlighting the need for real-time monitoring to mitigate space weather impacts.

Contribution

It identifies a specific solar radio burst as the cause of radar disturbances and emphasizes the importance of continuous Sun radio flux monitoring for space weather prediction.

Findings

Solar radio burst coincides with radar disturbances.

Radio burst is due to coherent emission processes.

Monitoring instruments can help identify and mitigate disturbances.

Abstract

On November 4th 2015 secondary air traffic control radar was strongly disturbed in Sweden and some other European countries. The disturbances occurred when the radar antennas were pointing at the Sun. In this paper, we show that the disturbances coincided with the time of peaks of an exceptionally strong ($\sim 10^5$ Solar Flux Units) solar radio burst in a relatively narrow frequency range around 1~GHz. This indicates that this radio burst is the most probable space weather candidate for explaining the radar disturbances. The dynamic radio spectrum shows that the high flux densities are not due to synchrotron emission of energetic electrons, but to coherent emission processes, which produce a large variety of rapidly varying short bursts (such as pulsations, fiber bursts, and zebra patterns). The radio burst occurs outside the impulsive phase of the associated flare, about 30 minutes after the soft X-ray peak, and it is temporarily associated with fast evolving activity occurring in strong solar magnetic fields. While the relationship with strong magnetic fields and the coherent spectral nature of the radio burst provide hints towards the physical processes which generate such disturbances, we have so far no means to forecast them. Well-calibrated monitoring instruments of whole Sun radio fluxes covering the UHF band could at least provide a real-time identification of the origin of such disturbances, which reports in the literature show to also affect GPS signal reception.