Comparison of an efficient implementation of gray molasses to narrow-line cooling for the all-optical production of a lithium quantum gas

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates an efficient gray molasses cooling scheme for lithium atoms, integrating it with existing setups, and compares its performance to narrow-line UV cooling in producing quantum degenerate gases.

Contribution

The authors introduce a rapid switching method for implementing gray molasses in lithium cooling setups and compare its effectiveness to narrow-line UV cooling for quantum gas production.

Findings

Gray molasses cools $^{6}$Li to 60 μK with 9×10^8 atoms.

Maximum phase-space density achieved is 1.2×10^{-5}.

Gray molasses produces fewer atoms than UV MOT but with lower technical complexity.

Abstract

We present an efficient scheme to implement a gray optical molasses for sub-Doppler cooling of $^{6}$Li atoms with minimum experimental overhead. To integrate the $D_1$ light for the gray molasses (GM) cooling into the same optical setup that is used for the $D_2$ light for a standard magneto-optical trap (MOT), we rapidly switch the injection seeding of a slave laser between the $D_2$ and $D_1$ light sources. Switching times as short as $30\,\mu\textrm{s}$ can be achieved, inferred from monitor optical beat signals. The resulting low-intensity molasses cools a sample of $N=9\times10^8$ atoms to about $60\,\mu\textrm{K}$. A maximum phase-space density of $\rho=1.2\times10^{-5}$ is observed. On the same setup, the performance of the GM is compared to that of narrow-line cooling in a UV MOT, following the procedure in Sebastian et al. (2014). Further, we compare the production of a degenerate Fermi gas using both methods. Loading an optical dipole trap from the gray molasses yields a quantum degenerate sample with $3.3\times10^5$ atoms, while loading from the denser UV MOT yields $2.4\times10^6$ atoms. Where the highest atom numbers are not a priority this implementation of the gray molasses technique yields sufficiently large samples at a comparatively low technical effort.