Characterizing multipartite entanglement with moments of random correlations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method for detecting multipartite entanglement using moments of random correlations, eliminating the need for shared reference frames, and demonstrates its effectiveness through various quantum scenarios.

Contribution

It develops an improved entanglement detection technique based on statistical moments of random measurements, connecting it to existing reference frame independent criteria.

Findings

Enhanced detection of multipartite entanglement using random measurement moments

Applicable to scenarios without shared reference frames, including satellite-based quantum communication

Validated on two-qubit and multipartite systems

Abstract

The experimental detection of multipartite entanglement usually requires a number of appropriately chosen local quantum measurements which are aligned with respect to a previously shared common reference frame. The latter, however, can be a challenging prerequisite e.g. for satellite-based photonic quantum communication, making the development of alternative detection strategies desirable. One possibility for avoiding the distribution of classical reference frames is to perform a number of local measurements with settings distributed uniformly at random. In this work we follow such a treatment and show that an improved detection and characterization of multipartite entanglement is possible by combining statistical moments of different order. To do so, we make use of designs which are pseudo-random processes allowing to link the present entanglement criteria to ordinary reference frame independent ones. The strengths of our methods are illustrated in various cases starting with two qubits and followed by more involved multipartite scenarios.