Neutralino Dark Matter in Scenarios with Early Matter Domination

TL;DR

This paper explores how an early matter-dominated era in the universe's history affects neutralino dark matter production, revealing new viable parameter spaces and relaxing fine-tuning issues present in standard cosmology.

Contribution

It demonstrates that early matter domination allows bino-like neutralinos to achieve the correct relic abundance over broader parameter ranges, expanding the scope of supersymmetric dark matter models.

Findings

Neutralino relic density can be achieved in wider parameter spaces with early matter domination.

Bino-like neutralinos are less fine-tuned in non-standard cosmologies.

Heavy long-lived particles influence the thermal history and dark matter production.

Abstract

We investigate the production of neutralino dark matter in a cosmological scenario featuring an early matter dominated era ending at a relatively low reheating temperature. In such scenarios different production mechanisms of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), besides the well--studied thermal production, can be important. This opens up new regions of parameter space where the lightest neutralino, as the best--known supersymmetric (SUSY) WIMP, obtains the required relic abundance. Many of these new sets of parameters are also compatible with current limits from colliders as well as direct and indirect WIMP searches. In particular, in standard cosmology bino--like neutralinos, which emerge naturally as lightest neutralino in many models, can have the desired relic density only in some finetuned regions of parameter space where the effective annihilation cross section is enhanced by co--annihilation or an $s-$channel pole. In contrast, if the energy density of the universe was dominated by long--lived PeV--scale particles (e.g. moduli or Polonyi fields), bino--like neutralinos can obtain the required relic density over wide regions of supersymmetric parameter space. We identify the interesting ranges of mass and decay properties of the heavy long--lived particles, carefully treating the evolution of the temperature of the thermal background.