Magnetic field as a tracer for studying the differential rotation of the solar corona

TL;DR

This study uses the coronal magnetic field as a tracer to analyze the differential rotation of the solar corona from 1976 to 2004, revealing how rotation varies with distance and solar cycle phase.

Contribution

Developed a novel method to determine coronal differential rotation using magnetic field measurements at multiple heights and latitudes.

Findings

Differential rotation gradient decreases with heliocentric distance.

Rotation remains differential near the source surface.

Maximum rotation rates occur at cycle minimum at small heights.

Abstract

The differential rotation of the solar corona for the period 1976-2004 was studied as a function of the distance from the center of the Sun. For this study, we developed a method using the coronal magnetic field as a tracer. The field in a spherical layer from the base of the corona up to the source surface was determined from photospheric measurements. Calculations were performed for 14 heliocentric distances from the base of the corona up to 2.45 solar radii and from the equator to about 75 degrees of latitude at 5 degrees steps. For each day, we calculated three components, which were then used to obtain the field strength. The coronal rotation periods were determined by the periodogram method for all distances and latitudes under consideration. The variations in the coronal rotation during the time interval 1976-2004 were as follows: the gradient of differential rotation decreased with the increase of heliocentric distance; the rotation remaining differential even in the vicinity of the source surface. The largest rotation rates were recorded at the cycle minimum at small heights in the corona. The lowest rotation rate was observed at the middle of the ascending branch at large distances. At the minimum of the cycle, the differential rotation is most clearly pronounced, especially at small heliocentric distances. As the distance increases, the differential gradient decreases in all phases. The results based on magnetic data and on the brightness of the coronal green line 530.3nm FeXIV used earlier show a satisfactory agreement. Since the rotation of the magnetic field at the corresponding heights in the corona is probably determined by the conditions in the field generation region, an opportunity arises to use this method for diagnostics of differential rotation in the subphotospheric layers.