Saturation numbers for Ramsey-minimal graphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the minimal edge count in graphs that are saturated with respect to Ramsey-minimal properties involving triangles and trees, providing exact and asymptotic results for specific cases.

Contribution

It establishes exact and asymptotic bounds for the minimum edges in Ramsey-minimal saturated graphs involving triangles and trees, extending previous conjectures and results.

Findings

Exact value for $sat(n, ext{Ramsey-minimal}(K_3, T_4))$ is $rac{5n}{2}$ for $n geq 18$.

Asymptotic bounds are derived for $sat(n, ext{Ramsey-minimal}(K_3, T_k))$ when $k geq 5$.

The work supports and extends Hanson and Toft's conjecture on saturation numbers.

Abstract

Given graphs $H_1, \dots, H_t$, a graph $G$ is $(H_1, \dots, H_t)$-Ramsey-minimal if every $t$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic $H_i$ in color $i$ for some $i\in\{1, \dots, t\}$, but any proper subgraph of $G $ does not possess this property. We define $\mathcal{R}_{\min}(H_1, \dots, H_t)$ to be the family of $(H_1, \dots, H_t)$-Ramsey-minimal graphs. A graph $G$ is \dfn{$\mathcal{R}_{\min}(H_1, \dots, H_t)$-saturated} if no element of $\mathcal{R}_{\min}(H_1, \dots, H_t)$ is a subgraph of $G$, but for any edge $e$ in $\overline{G}$, some element of $\mathcal{R}_{\min}(H_1, \dots, H_t)$ is a subgraph of $G + e$. We define $sat(n, \mathcal{R}_{\min}(H_1, \dots, H_t))$ to be the minimum number of edges over all $\mathcal{R}_{\min}(H_1, \dots, H_t)$-saturated graphs on $n$ vertices. In 1987, Hanson and Toft conjectured that $sat(n, \mathcal{R}_{\min}(K_{k_1}, \dots, K_{k_t}) )= (r - 2)(n - r + 2)+\binom{r - 2}{2} $ for $n \ge r$, where $r=r(K_{k_1}, \dots, K_{k_t})$ is the classical Ramsey number for complete graphs. The first non-trivial case of Hanson and Toft's conjecture for sufficiently large $n$ was setteled in 2011, and is so far the only settled case. Motivated by Hanson and Toft's conjecture, we study the minimum number of edges over all $\mathcal{R}_{\min}(K_3, \mathcal{T}_k)$-saturated graphs on $n$ vertices, where $\mathcal{T}_k$ is the family of all trees on $k$ vertices. We show that for $n \ge 18$, $sat(n, \mathcal{R}_{\min}(K_3, \mathcal{T}_4)) =\lfloor {5n}/{2}\rfloor$. For $k \ge 5$ and $n \ge 2k + (\lceil k/2 \rceil +1) \lceil k/2 \rceil -2$, we obtain an asymptotic bound for $sat(n, \mathcal{R}_{\min}(K_3, \mathcal{T}_k))$.