Entanglement harvesting in double-layer graphene by vacuum fluctuations in a microcavity

TL;DR

This paper investigates how two graphene layers inside a microcavity can become entangled through vacuum fluctuations, revealing nonclassical correlations mediated by virtual photons for various initial states.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework for entanglement harvesting in graphene layers via vacuum fluctuations, expanding understanding of quantum correlations in condensed matter systems.

Findings

Entanglement can be harvested between graphene layers through virtual photon exchange.

Different initial electron states lead to various entangled bipartite states.

The results extend entanglement classification to include entangled X states and more general matrices.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the entanglement harvesting between two graphene layers inside a planar microcavity. Applying time-dependent perturbation theory it is shown that nonclassical correlations between electrons in different layers are obtained through the exchange of virtual photons. Considering different initial states of the electrons and the vacuum state of the electromagnetic field, the negativity measure that quantifies the entanglement is computed through the photon propagator for time scales smaller than the light-crossing time of the double layer. The results are compared with those obtained for hydrogenic probes and pointlike Unruh-DeWitt detectors, showing that for different initial states, entangled X states and more general entangled reduced matrices are obtained, which enlarge the classification of bipartite quantum states.