Local Immunodeficiency: Minimal Networks and Stability

TL;DR

This paper investigates local immunodeficiency in cross-immunoreactivity networks, proving its stability in small networks under general conditions, and demonstrating how larger networks with stable LI can be constructed from smaller stable units.

Contribution

It shows that stable local immunodeficiency occurs in small, non-homogeneous networks and can be extended to larger networks, challenging the necessity of scale-free topology.

Findings

Stable LI occurs in small networks under general conditions.

Larger CR networks with stable LI can be built from smaller stable units.

Scale-free topology is not necessary for stable LI.

Abstract

Some basic aspects of the recently discovered phenomenon of local immunodeficiency \cite{pnas} generated by antigenic cooperation in cross-immunoreactivity (CR) networks are investigated. We prove that local immunodeficiency (LI) that's stable under perturbations already occurs in very small networks and under general conditions on their parameters. Therefore our results are applicable not only to Hepatitis C where CR networks are known to be large \cite{pnas}, but also to other diseases with CR. A major necessary feature of such networks is the non-homogeneity of their topology. It is also shown that one can construct larger CR networks with stable LI by using small networks with stable LI as their building blocks. Our results imply that stable LI occurs in networks with quite general topology. In particular, the scale-free property of a CR network, assumed in \cite{pnas}, is not required.