Nitrogen-to-Oxygen Abundance Ratio Variation In Quiescent Galaxies

TL;DR

This paper develops a new calibration method to measure nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratios in quiescent galaxies using optical emission lines, despite uncertainties in ionization mechanisms, revealing a significant variation in N/O ratios.

Contribution

It introduces a novel extinction-independent temperature tracer and calibration technique for N/O ratios in quiescent galaxies based on optical emission lines.

Findings

N/O ratios vary by 0.35 dex among quiescent galaxies.

The method reliably measures N/O ratios despite ionization uncertainties.

Quiescent galaxies exhibit a wide range of chemical enrichment histories.

Abstract

For the first time, we establish a gas phase abundance pattern calibration for quiescent galaxies using optical emission lines. Quiescent galaxies have warm ionized gas showing line ratios similar to low-ionization nuclear emission line regions (LINER). The ionization mechanism for the gas is still an unsettled puzzle. Despite the uncertainty in the ionization mechanism, we argue that we can still infer certain gas phase abundance pattern from first principles. We show that the relative trend in N/O abundance can still be reliably measured based on [NII]6548,6583/[OII]3726,3729 and a direct measurement of the electron temperature. We construct a composite direct temperature tracer that is independent of extinction correction, by combining [OII] 3726,3729/[OII] 7320,7330 and [SII] 6716,6730/[SII] 4068,4076 and canceling out the effect of extinction, as these involve the easiest-to-detect auroral lines in quiescent galaxies. With theoretical modeling, we establish the calibration for N/O based on [NII]/[OII] and a temperature tracer. We apply this technique to quiescent galaxies in the nearby Universe and find they span a range of 0.35 dex in N/O ratio from 17-percentile to 83-percentiles of the whole distribution. These measurements can shed light on the chemical enrichment history of the warm ionized gas in quiescent galaxies.