Dark Energy in the Swampland
Lavinia Heisenberg, Matthias Bartelmann, Robert Brandenberger and, Alexandre Refregier

TL;DR
This paper examines how string Swampland criteria constrain dark energy models, analyzing current and future observational capabilities to distinguish between a cosmological constant and evolving scalar field models within these theoretical limits.
Contribution
It assesses the impact of string Swampland criteria on dark energy models and evaluates the observational precision needed to test these constraints.
Findings
Current constraints are compatible with Swampland criteria.
Future surveys will challenge quintessence models, pushing parameters below critical thresholds.
Decisive tests require unrealistically precise future observations.
Abstract
In this Letter, we study the implications of string Swampland criteria for dark energy in view of ongoing and future cosmological observations. If string theory should be the ultimate quantum gravity theory, there is evidence that exact de Sitter solutions with a positive cosmological constant cannot describe the fate of the late-time universe. Even though cosmological models with dark energy given by a scalar field evolving in time are not in direct tension with string theory, they have to satisfy the Swampland criteria and , where is the scalar field potential. In view of the restrictive implications that the Swampland criteria have on dark energy, we investigate the accuracy needed for future observations to tightly constrain standard dark-energy models. We find that current 3- constraints with $c…
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