Moment of inertia of superconductors

TL;DR

This paper predicts an increase in the bulk moment of inertia of superconductors due to superfluid electrons acquiring intrinsic inertia, leading to a different rotational behavior than conventional theories suggest.

Contribution

It introduces a new understanding of the moment of inertia in superconductors, challenging conventional BCS-London theory predictions.

Findings

Superfluid electrons acquire an intrinsic moment of inertia $m_e (2\lambda_L)^2$.

The bulk moment of inertia per unit volume increases by $m_e/(\pi r_c)$.

Rotating superconductors do not change their angular velocity upon transitioning to the superconducting state.

Abstract

We find that the bulk moment of inertia per unit volume of a metal becoming superconducting increases by the amount $m_e/(\pi r_c)$, with $m_e$ the bare electron mass and $r_c=e^2/m_e c^2$ the classical electron radius. This is because superfluid electrons acquire an intrinsic moment of inertia $m_e (2\lambda_L)^2$, with $\lambda_L$ the London penetration depth. As a consequence, we predict that when a rotating long cylinder becomes superconducting its angular velocity does not change, contrary to the prediction of conventional BCS-London theory that it will rotate faster. We explain the dynamics of magnetic field generation when a rotating normal metal becomes superconducting.