Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges and Perspectives

TL;DR

This paper reviews the potential of using spatial mode multiplexing, especially orbital angular momentum modes, to enhance communication systems across various platforms, highlighting challenges and future perspectives.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of spatial mode multiplexing, focusing on OAM modes, and discusses practical deployment challenges and future research directions.

Findings

Spatial modes can significantly increase communication capacity.

Challenges include mode stability and practical implementation issues.

Future research is needed for reliable deployment.

Abstract

Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication systems has been recently suggested as a versatile technique to address future bandwidth issues. We review the potentials of harnessing the space as an additional degree of freedom for communication applications including free space optics, optical fiber installation, underwater wireless optical links, on-chip interconnects, data center indoor connections, radio frequency and acoustic communications. We focus on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and equally identify the challenges related to each of the applications of spatial modes and the particular OAM modes in communication. We further discuss the perspectives of this emerging technology. Finally, we provide the open research directions and we discuss the practical deployment of OAM communication links for different applications.