Interplay between unconventional superconductivity and heavy-fermion quantum criticality: CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ versus YbRh$_2$Si$_2$

TL;DR

This paper compares the low-temperature behaviors of CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ and YbRh$_2$Si$_2$, revealing how quantum criticality and magnetic fluctuations influence unconventional superconductivity in heavy-fermion compounds.

Contribution

It provides a detailed contrast of two canonical heavy-fermion materials, highlighting different mechanisms and conditions leading to superconductivity near quantum critical points.

Findings

CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ exhibits fully-gapped d-wave superconductivity near an SDW QCP.

YbRh$_2$Si$_2$ shows superconductivity emerging from hybrid nuclear-electronic order.

Both materials demonstrate the robustness of heavy-fermion superconductivity near AF quantum criticality.

Abstract

In this paper the low-temperature properties of two isostructural canonical heavy-fermion compounds are contrasted with regards to the interplay between antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum criticality and superconductivity. For CeCu$_2$Si$_2$, fully-gapped d-wave superconductivity forms in the vicinity of an itinerant three-dimensional heavy-fermion spin-density-wave (SDW) quantum critical point (QCP). Inelastic neutron scattering results highlight that both quantum critical SDW fluctuations as well as Mott-type fluctuations of local magnetic moments contribute to the formation of Cooper pairs in CeCu$_2$Si$_2$. In YbRh$_2$Si$_2$, superconductivity appears to be suppressed at $T\gtrsim~10$ mK by AF order ($T_N$ = 70 mK). Ultra-low temperature measurements reveal a hybrid order between nuclear and 4f-electronic spins, which is dominated by the Yb-derived nuclear spins, to develop at $T_A$ slightly above 2 mK. The hybrid order turns out to strongly compete with the primary 4f-electronic order and to push the material towards its QCP. Apparently, this paves the way for heavy-fermion superconductivity to form at $T_c$ = 2 mK. Like the pressure - induced QCP in CeRhIn$_5$, the magnetic field - induced one in YbRh$_2$Si$_2$ is of the local Kondo-destroying variety which corresponds to a Mott-type transition at zero temperature. Therefore, these materials form the link between the large family of about fifty low-$T$ unconventional heavy - fermion superconductors and other families of unconventional superconductors with higher $T_c$s, notably the doped Mott insulators of the cuprates, organic charge-transfer salts and some of the Fe-based superconductors. Our study suggests that heavy-fermion superconductivity near an AF QCP is a robust phenomenon.