Velocity selected production of $2^3S$ metastable positronium

TL;DR

This work demonstrates a method to produce velocity-selected $2^3S$ metastable positronium atoms with controlled velocities and efficiencies, enabling potential applications in interferometry and fundamental physics experiments.

Contribution

The paper introduces a velocity selection technique for $2^3S$ positronium via delayed UV laser excitation, achieving near-monochromatic beams with specific velocity ranges.

Findings

Achieved $2^3S$ positronium production with 0.8% to 1.7% efficiency.

Measured a branching ratio of (9.7 ± 2.7)% for the $3^3P$ to $2^3S$ decay.

Produced nearly monochromatic $2^3S$ beams with velocity spread < 10^4 m/s.

Abstract

Positronium in the $2^3S$ metastable state exhibits a low electrical polarizability and a long lifetime (1140 ns) making it a promising candidate for interferometry experiments with a neutral matter-antimatter system. In the present work, $2^3S$ positronium is produced - in absence of electric field - via spontaneous radiative decay from the $3^3P$ level populated with a 205nm UV laser pulse. Thanks to the short temporal length of the pulse, 1.5 ns full-width at half maximum, different velocity populations of a positronium cloud emitted from a nanochannelled positron/positronium converter were selected by delaying the excitation pulse with respect to the production instant. $ 2^3S $ positronium atoms with velocity tuned between $ 7 \cdot 10^4 $ m/s and $ 10 \cdot 10^4 $ m/s were thus produced. Depending on the selected velocity, a $2^3S$ production effciency ranging from $\sim 0.8 \%$ to $\sim 1.7%$, with respect to the total amount of emitted positronium, was obtained. The observed results give a branching ratio for the $3^3P$-$2^3S$ spontaneous decay of $(9.7 \pm 2.7) \% $. The present velocity selection technique could allow to produce an almost monochromatic beam of $\sim 1 \cdot 10^3 $ $2^3S$ atoms with a velocity spread $ < 10^4 $ m/s and an angular divergence of $\sim$ 50 mrad.