Experimental Studies of Two-dimensional Laminar Jet Flows in Freely Suspended Liquid Crystal Films

TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates 2D laminar jet flows in freely suspended liquid crystal films, confirming classical theory despite air coupling effects, and demonstrates their suitability for testing 2D hydrodynamics.

Contribution

The paper provides experimental validation of 2D laminar jet theory in liquid crystal films and explores the minimal impact of air coupling effects through simulations.

Findings

Experimental results agree with ideal 2D laminar jet theory.

Air coupling has little influence on flow velocity near the nozzle.

FSLCFs are effective platforms for studying 2D hydrodynamics.

Abstract

Two dimensional (2D) laminar jet-----a stream of fluid that projected into a surrounding medium with the flow confined in 2D-----has both theoretical and experimental significance. We carried out 2D laminar jet experiments in freely suspended liquid crystal films (FSLCFs) of nanometers thick and centimeters in size, in which individual molecules are confined to single layers thus enable film flows with two degrees of freedom. The experimental observations are found in good agreement with the classic 2D laminar jet theory of ideal cases that assume no external coupling effects, even in fact there exist strong coupling force from the ambient air. We further investigated this air coupling effect in computer simulations, with the results indicated air has little influence on the velocity maps of flow near the nozzle. This astonishing results could be intuitively understood by considering 2D incompressibility of the films. This experiment, together with a series of our previous experiments, show for a wide range of Reynolds number, FSLCFs are excellent testing beds for 2D hydrodynamics.