Creation of Magnetic Skyrmion Bubble Lattices by Ultrafast Laser in Ultrathin Films

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that ultrafast laser pulses can generate and control skyrmion bubbles and lattices in ultrathin magnetic films at room temperature, advancing skyrmion-based data storage technology.

Contribution

It introduces a novel optical method for creating and controlling skyrmion bubble lattices in ferromagnetic films at ambient conditions.

Findings

Laser fluence controls skyrmion density and lattice formation.

Skyrmion bubble lattices exhibit enhanced topological stability.

Room temperature generation of skyrmions via ultrafast laser pulses.

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial spin textures which hold great promise as stable information carriers in spintronic devices at the nanoscale. One of the major challenges for developing novel skyrmion-based memory and logic devices is fast and controlled creation of magnetic skyrmions at ambient conditions. Here we demonstrate the single ultrafast (35-fs) laser pulse-induced generation of skyrmion bubbles and skyrmion bubble lattices from a ferromagnetic state in sputtered ultrathin magnetic films at room temperature. The skyrmion bubble density increases with the laser fluence in a controlled way, and it finally becomes saturated, forming disordered hexagonal lattices. Moreover, we present that the skyrmion bubble lattice configuration leads to enhanced topological stability as compared to isolated skyrmions, suggesting its promising use in data storage. Our findings shed light on the optical approach to the skyrmion bubble lattice in commonly accessible materials, paving the road toward the emerging skyrmion-based memory and synaptic devices.