Modulated Continuous Wave Control for Energy-efficient Electron-nuclear Spin Coupling

TL;DR

This paper introduces energy-efficient continuous microwave control methods using phase or amplitude modulation to enhance electron-nuclear spin coupling, applicable in biological systems, high-field NMR, and quantum information processing.

Contribution

It presents novel modulation schemes for microwave control that improve energy efficiency in electron-nuclear spin coupling across various applications.

Findings

Effective modulation techniques for energy-efficient spin coupling

Applicable to biological systems and high-field NMR

Suitable for quantum information processing

Abstract

We develop energy efficient, continuous microwave schemes to couple electron and nuclear spins, using phase or amplitude modulation to bridge their frequency difference. These controls have promising applications in biological systems, where microwave power should be limited, as well as in situations with high Larmor frequencies due to large magnetic fields and nuclear magnetic moments. These include nanoscale NMR where high magnetic fields achieves enhanced thermal nuclear polarisation and larger chemical shifts. Our controls are also suitable for quantum information processors and nuclear polarisation schemes.