Unitary equivalence between the Green's function and Schr\"odinger approaches for quantum graphs

TL;DR

This paper establishes a direct connection between the Green's function and Schrödinger approaches for quantum graphs, providing a general method applicable to any graph topology, including complex and random structures.

Contribution

It introduces a new procedure based on the adjacency matrix to construct the Green's function, revealing a unitary equivalence with the Schrödinger approach and enabling a trace formula.

Findings

Unified framework for Green's function and Schrödinger methods

Applicable to arbitrary graph topologies, including random graphs

Derived a trace formula for quantum graphs

Abstract

In a previous work [Andrade \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rep. \textbf{647}, 1 (2016)], it was shown that the exact Green's function (GF) for an arbitrarily large (although finite) quantum graph is given as a sum over scattering paths, where local quantum effects are taken into account through the reflection and transmission scattering amplitudes. To deal with general graphs, two simplifying procedures were developed: regrouping of paths into families of paths and the separation of a large graph into subgraphs. However, for less symmetrical graphs with complicated topologies as, for instance, random graphs, it can become cumbersome to choose the subgraphs and the families of paths. In this work, an even more general procedure to construct the energy domain GF for a quantum graph based on its adjacency matrix is presented. This new construction allows us to obtain the secular determinant, unraveling a unitary equivalence between the scattering Schr\"odinger approach and the Green's function approach. It also enables us to write a trace formula based on the Green's function approach. The present construction has the advantage that it can be applied directly for any graph, going from regular to random topologies.