Probing millicharge at BESIII

TL;DR

This paper investigates the potential to detect millicharged particles at BESIII, deriving new upper limits on their charge and mass, and exploring implications for the EDGES 21 cm absorption anomaly.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive analysis of millicharge constraints at BESIII using existing data and projects future sensitivities, improving bounds and addressing cosmological anomalies.

Findings

Derived new upper limits on millicharge for 0.1-1 GeV mass range.

Projected increased sensitivity with future BESIII data.

Reduced parameter space for millicharge to explain EDGES anomaly.

Abstract

We propose to search for millicharged particles at the BESIII detector which is operated at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. We compute the monophoton signal events at the BESIII detector due to millicharged particle production, as well as due to standard model irreducible/reducible backgrounds. By utilizing all the data accumulated at the BESIII detector since 2011, we derive new leading upper limits on millicharge, $\varepsilon \lesssim (0.86-2.5) \times10^{-3}$, for the mass range, $0.1~\text{GeV} \lesssim m \lesssim 1~\text{GeV}$. Furthermore, projections with more data to be collected at the BESIII detector are also made. Our analysis significantly reduces the parameter region of millicharge to account for the anomalous 21 cm absorption signal near redshift $z\simeq 17$ recently observed by the EDGES experiment