Integral Liouville theorem in a complete Riemannian manifold

TL;DR

This paper establishes a new integral Liouville theorem for harmonic functions on complete Riemannian manifolds and explores conditions for Killing potentials and harmonic function behavior under gradient Ricci solitons.

Contribution

It introduces a necessary condition for the existence of Killing potentials and proves an integral form of Liouville theorem for harmonic functions in complete Riemannian manifolds.

Findings

Derived a necessary condition for Killing potential existence.

Proved an integral Liouville theorem for harmonic functions.

Analyzed harmonic functions under gradient Ricci solitons.

Abstract

If the Killing vector field in a Riemannian manifold is the gradient of a smooth real valued function, then it is called Killing potential. In this paper we have deduced a necessary condition for the existence of Killing potential in a complete Riemannian manifold. Yau proved the Liouville theorem of harmonic function in a Riemannian manifold using gradient estimation and after that many authors have generalized this concept and investigated various types of Liouville theorems of harmonic functions. In this article we have also proved a Liouville theorem in integral form of harmonic functions in a complete Riemannian manifold. Finally we have studied the behaviour of harmonic functions in a complete Riemannian manifold that satisfies some gradient Ricci solition and showed that harmonic function is a constant multiple of distance function along some geodesics.