Cosmic ray acceleration in accretion flows of galaxy clusters
V.N.Zirakashvili, V.S.Ptuskin

TL;DR
This paper explores how shocks and accretion flows in galaxy clusters accelerate cosmic rays, producing spectra that can explain ultra high energy cosmic rays observed from nearby clusters like Virgo.
Contribution
It demonstrates that cosmic ray acceleration in galaxy cluster accretion flows can account for observed ultra high energy cosmic rays, with detailed spectral modeling.
Findings
Protons and nuclei are accelerated in Virgo cluster.
Accelerated particles produce spectra matching observations.
Accretion flows contribute significantly to cosmic ray energies.
Abstract
We investigate acceleration of cosmic rays by shocks and accretion flows in galaxy clusters. Numerical results for spectra of accelerated particles and nonthermal emission are presented. It is shown that the acceleration of protons and nuclei in the nearby galaxy cluster Virgo can explain the observed spectra of ultra high energy cosmic rays.
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