Real-Time Millimeter-Wave MIMO Channel Sounder for Dynamic Directional Measurements

TL;DR

This paper introduces a real-time MIMO channel sounder for 28 GHz millimeter-wave frequencies that uses phased arrays for fast, directional measurements in dynamic environments, improving over traditional rotating horn antennas.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel phased-array based MIMO channel sounder capable of rapid, phase-coherent, directional measurements without mechanical rotation, suitable for dynamic environment analysis.

Findings

Enables 1.44 ms beam-switching measurements

Achieves phase-coherent sounding without cabled synchronization

Demonstrates effectiveness in dynamic environments

Abstract

In this paper, we present a novel real-time multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounder for the 28 GHz band. Until now, most investigations of the directional characteristics of millimeter-wave channels have used mechanically rotating horn antennas. In contrast, the sounder presented here is capable of performing horizontal and vertical beam steering with the help of phased arrays. Due to its fast beam-switching capability, the proposed sounder can perform measurements that are directionally resolved both at the transmitter(TX) and receiver (RX) in 1.44 milliseconds compared to the minutes or even hours required for rotating horn antenna sounders. This not only enables measurement of more TX-RX locations for a better statistical validity but also allows to perform directional analysis in dynamic environments. The short measurement time combined with the high phase stability limits the phase drift between TX and RX, enabling phase-coherent sounding of all beam pairs even when TX and RX have no cabled connection for synchronization without any delay ambiguity. Furthermore, the phase stability over time enables complex RX waveform averaging to improve the signal to noise ratio during high path loss measurements. The paper discusses both the system design as well as the measurements performed for verification of the sounder performance. Furthermore, we present sample results from double directional measurements in dynamic environments.