Universal Critical Exponents of Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions from Holography

TL;DR

This paper investigates the critical exponents of non-equilibrium phase transitions in a holographic setup, finding they are similar to equilibrium values, thus revealing universal scaling laws in driven quantum systems.

Contribution

It numerically computes static and dynamical critical exponents in a holographic non-equilibrium steady state, demonstrating their universality and similarity to equilibrium critical exponents.

Findings

Critical exponents match equilibrium values within numerical errors.

Non-equilibrium steady states exhibit universal scaling laws.

Holography effectively models non-equilibrium phase transitions.

Abstract

We study the critical exponents in the universal scaling laws of a holographic non-equilibrium steady state nearby its critical point of phase transition, which is driven by an AC electric field sitting in the boundary of the bulk. The applied electric filed drives the initial superconducting state into a non-equilibrium steady state with vanishing condensate as its amplitude is greater than a critical value. In the vicinity of the non-equilibrium critical point, we numerically calculate the six static and one dynamical critical exponents, and find that they have similar values to those in equilibrium systems within numerical errors.