Pseudoparticle approach to 1D integrable quantum models

TL;DR

This paper reviews the pseudoparticle approach and pseudofermion representations for analyzing high-energy spectral and dynamical properties of 1D integrable quantum models, including the Lieb-Liniger Bose gas, Heisenberg chain, and Hubbard model.

Contribution

It clarifies the relation between the pseudofermion dynamical theory and the mobile quantum impurity model, and demonstrates their usefulness in studying 1D quantum systems.

Findings

Pseudoparticle and pseudofermion methods effectively describe high-energy spectral features.

The relation between PDT and MQIM is elucidated.

These approaches unify low- and high-energy descriptions of 1D models.

Abstract

Over the last three decades a large number of experimental studies on several quasi one-dimensional (1D) metals and quasi1D Mott-Hubbard insulators have produced evidence for distinct spectral features identified with charge-only and spin-only fractionalized particles. They can be also observed in ultra-cold atomic 1D optical lattices a nd quantum wires. 1D exactly solvable models provide nontrivial tests of the approaches for these systems relying on field theories. Different schemes such as the pseudofermion dynamical theory (PDT) and the mobile quantum impurity model (MQIM) have revealed that the 1D correlated models high-energy physics is qualitatively different from that of a low-energy Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL). This includes the momentum dependence of the exponents that control the one- and two-particle dynamical correlation functions near their spectra edges and in the vicinity of one-particle singular spectral features. On the one hand, the low-energy charge-only and spin-only fractionalized particles are usually identified with holons and spinons, respectively. On the other hand, `particle-like' representations in terms of {\it pseudoparticles}, related PDT {\it pseudofermions}, and MQIM particles are suitable for the description of both the low-energy TLL physics and high-energy spectral and dynamical properties of 1D correlated systems. The main goal of this review is to revisit the usefulness of pseudoparticle and PDT pseudofermion representations for the study of both static and high-energy spectral and dynamical properties of the 1D Lieb-Liniger Bose gas, spin-$1/2$ isotropic Heisenberg chain, and 1D Hubbard model. Moreover, the relation between the PDT and the MQIM is clarified.