Benchmarking and validation of global model code for negative hydrogen ion sources

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive benchmarking and validation of a global model for negative hydrogen ion sources, comparing it with another code and experimental data to improve predictive accuracy for ion source performance.

Contribution

The study introduces the first extensive benchmarking of negative hydrogen ion source models, demonstrating good agreement and validating the model against experimental data for the first time.

Findings

Good agreement in electron temperature and vibrational distribution functions

Higher electron density predicted by GMNHIS due to fewer dissociation channels

Model successfully reproduces experimental H^- density trends

Abstract

Benchmarking and validation are prerequisite for using simulation codes as predictive tools. In this work, we have developed a Global Model for Negative Hydrogen Ion Source (GMNHIS) and performed benchmarking of GMNHIS against another independently developed code, Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic Model (GEVKM). This is the first study to present quite comprehensive benchmarking test of this kind for models of negative hydrogen ion sources (NHIS), and very good agreement has been achieved for electron temperature, vibrational distribution function (VDF) of hydrogen molecules, and n_H^-/n_e ratio. The small discrepancies in number densities of negative hydrogen ions, positive ions, as well as hydrogen atoms can be attributed to the differences in the predicted electron number density for given discharge power. Higher electron number density obtained with GMNHIS is possibly due to fewer dissociation channels accounted for in GMNHIS, leading to smaller energy loss. In addition, we validated GMNHIS against experimental data obtained in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge used for H^- production. The model qualitatively (and even quantitatively for certain conditions) reproduces the experimental H^- number density. The H^- number density as a function of pressure first increases at pressures below 12 mTorr, and then saturates for higher pressures. This dependence was analyzed by evaluating contributions from different reaction pathways to the creation and loss of the H^- ions. The developed codes can be used for predicting the H^- production, improving the performance of NHIS, and ultimately optimizing the parameters of negative ion beams for ITER.