Comparison of dynamical and equilibrium surface spin-reorientations: Inferences on the nature of the phase transitions in the presence of dipole interactions

TL;DR

This study compares dynamical and equilibrium surface spin-reorientations in ultrathin ferromagnetic films, revealing that the transition lacks a true critical phase transition despite susceptibility divergence during dynamical depinning.

Contribution

It distinguishes between dynamical and equilibrium transitions, demonstrating the absence of a true phase transition in the equilibrium case through susceptibility measurements.

Findings

Divergent susceptibility occurs only during dynamical depinning.

Equilibrium transition shows no divergence, indicating no true phase transition.

Comparison clarifies the role of dipole interactions in spin reorientation.

Abstract

The influence of long-range dipole interactions on two dimensional magnetism has been studied extensively in the spin-reorientation transition of ferromagnetic ultrathin films. Although there is a great deal of experimental information on the perpendicular domain phase that is stabilized by dipole interactions, the transitions to or from the domain phase are subtle and difficult to characterize experimentally. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show no divergence in the vicinity of the spin-reorientation transition as a function of thickness -- a null result that is difficult to interpret with confidence. This article reports separate dynamical and equilibrium versions of the reorientation transition in Fe/2ML Ni/W(110) films, using measurements of the magnetic susceptibility as the films are grown. The dynamical version occurs when increasing the film thickness causes the domain walls to depin, and the system moves from a configuration that minimizes local energetics to one that minimizes global energetics. The dynamical transition \textit{is} marked by a divergent magnetic susceptibility measured with a field applied along the in-plane W[001] direction. A comparative study of the two versions of the same spin-reorientation transition aids in the experimental characterization of the effects of dipole interactions on the phase transitions. This comparison confirms the original null result found in magnetic susceptibility measurements of the equilibrium transition; despite its name, the spin-reorientation transition in ferromagnetic ultrathin films has no critical phase transition in either the magnetization or its orientation.