Origin of the hemispheric asymmetry of solar activity

TL;DR

This paper explains the hemispheric asymmetry of solar activity through a dynamo model involving superimposed dipolar and quadrupolar modes, matching observed spectral features and variability.

Contribution

It introduces an updated Babcock-Leighton dynamo model that accounts for hemispheric asymmetry by incorporating stochastic excitation of quadrupolar modes.

Findings

Spectral power peaks at 8.5 and 30-50 years match superposition of dynamo modes.

The model reproduces observed activity and asymmetry variability.

Stochastic fluctuations excite quadrupolar modes consistent with observations.

Abstract

The frequency spectrum of the hemispheric asymmetry of solar activity shows enhanced power for the period ranges around 8.5 years and between 30 and 50 years. This can be understood as the sum and beat periods of the superposition of two dynamo modes: a dipolar mode with a (magnetic) period of about 22 years and aquadrupolar mode with a period between 13 and 15 years. An updated Babcock-Leighton-type dynamo model with weak driving as indicated by stellar observations shows an excited dipole mode and a damped quadrupole mode in the correct range of periods. Random excitation of the quadrupole by stochastic fluctuations of the source term for the poloidal field leads to a time evolution of activity and asymmetry that is consistent with the observational results.