Coherence of the Borromean three-body F\"orster resonances in Rydberg atoms

TL;DR

This paper investigates the coherence properties of Borromean three-body F"orster resonances in Rydberg atoms, demonstrating the potential for high-contrast Rabi oscillations to enable three-qubit quantum gates and simulations.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis showing that high-contrast Rabi oscillations are achievable for three-body Rydberg resonances, facilitating quantum information processing.

Findings

High-contrast Rabi-like oscillations are possible for localized Rydberg atoms.

Three-body Borromean resonances can be coherently controlled.

Potential applications in three-qubit quantum gates and quantum simulations.

Abstract

We have observed recently the Stark-tuned three-body F\"orster resonances ${\rm 3}\times nP_{3/2} (|M|)\to nS_{1/2} +(n+1)S_{1/2} +nP_{3/2} (|M^{*} |)$ at long-range interactions of a few cold Rb Rydberg atoms [D.B.Tretyakov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 173402 (2017)]. The three-body resonance appears at a different dc electric field with respect to the ordinary two-body resonance ${\rm 2}\times nP_{3/2} (|M|)\to nS_{1/2} +(n+1)S_{1/2} $ and corresponds to a transition when the three interacting atoms change their states simultaneously (two atoms go to the $S$ states, and the third atom remains in the $P$ state but changes its moment projection), with the negligible contribution of the two-body resonance to the population transfer. It thus has a Borromean character and represents an effective three-body operator, which can be used to directly control the three-body interactions in quantum simulations and quantum gates implemented with Rydberg atoms. In this paper we theoretically investigate the coherence of such three-body resonances and we show that high-contrast Rabi-like population oscillations are possible for the localized Rydberg atoms in a certain spatial configuration. This paves the way to implementing three-qubit quantum gates and quantum simulations based on three-body Rydberg interactions.