Bond and site color-avoiding percolation in scale free networks

TL;DR

This paper extends color-avoiding percolation theory to include edge vulnerabilities and random failures in scale-free networks, revealing new critical behaviors distinct from standard percolation.

Contribution

It introduces a framework for color-avoiding percolation involving edges and random failures, filling a gap in multilayer network percolation models.

Findings

New critical behavior independent of number of colors

Color-avoiding percolation applicable to edge vulnerabilities

Rich phenomenology due to interplay of failures

Abstract

Recently the problem of classes of vulnerable vertices (represented by colors) in complex networks has been discussed, where all vertices with the same vulnerability are prone to fail together. Utilizing redundant paths each avoiding one vulnerability (color), a robust color-avoiding connectivity is possible. However, many infrastructure networks show the problem of vulnerable classes of \textit{edges} instead of vertices. Here we formulate color-avoiding percolation for colored edges as well. Additionally, we allow for random failures of vertices or edges. The interplay of random failures and possible collective failures implies a rich phenomenology. A new form of critical behavior is found for networks with a power law degree distribution independent of the number of the colors, but still dependent on existence of the colors and therefore different from standard percolation. Our percolation framework fills a gap between different multilayer network percolation scenarios.